蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)通(tong)常(chang)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)、快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)、補(bu)足(ju)充(chong)電(dian)、涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)四(si)個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)。

       對(dui)長(zhang)期(qi)不(bu)用(yong)的(di)或(huo)新(xin)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)，一(yi)開(kai)始(shi)就(jiu)采(cai)用(yong)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)，會(kuai)影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)壽(shou)命(ming)。因(yin)此(ci)，這(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)池(chi)應(ying)先(xian)用(yong)小(xiao)電(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)，使(shi)其(qi)滿(man)足(ju)一(yi)定(ding)的(di)充(chong)電(dian)條(tiao)件(jian)，這(zhe)個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)稱(chen)為(wei)預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)。

       快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)就(jiu)是(shi)用(yong)大(dai)電(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)，迅(xun)速(su)恢(hui)複(fu)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)能(neng).快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)速(su)率(shuai)一(yi)般(pan)在(zai)1C以(yi)上(shang)，快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)時(shi)間(jian)由(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)和(hu)充(chong)電(dian)速(su)率(shuai)決(jue)定(ding)。

       為(wei)了(liao)避(bi)免(wen)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)，一(yi)些(xie)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)采(cai)用(yong)小(xiao)電(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)。鎳(nie)鍋(guo)電(dian)池(chi)正(zheng)常(chang)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)，可(ke)以(yi)接(jie)受(shou)C/10或(huo)更(geng)低(di)的(di)充(chong)電(dian)速(su)率(shuai)，這(zhe)樣(yang)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)要(yao)10h以(yi)上(shang)。

       采(cai)用(yong)小(xiao)電(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)，電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)不(bu)會(kuai)產(chan)生(sheng)過(guo)多(duo)的(di)氣(qi)體(ti)，電(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)度(duo)也(ye)不(bu)會(kuai)過(guo)高(gao)。隻(zhi)要(yao)電(dian)池(chi)接(jie)到(dao)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)上(shang)，低(di)速(su)率(shuai)恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)就(jiu)能(neng)對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)提(ti)供(gong)很(hen)小(xiao)的(di)涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)。電(dian)池(chi)采(cai)用(yong)小(xiao)電(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)產(chan)生(sheng)的(di)熱(re)量(liang)可(ke)以(yi)自(zi)然(ran)敞(chang)去(qu)。

       涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的(di)主(zhu)要(yao)問(wen)題(ti)是(shi)充(chong)電(dian)速(su)度(duo)太(tai)慢(man)，例(li)如(ru)，容(rong)量(liang)為(wei)Ah的(di)電(dian)池(chi)，采(cai)用(yong)C/10充(chong)電(dian)速(su)率(shuai)時(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)要(yao)10h以(yi)上(shang)。此(ci)外(wai)，電(dian)池(chi)采(cai)用(yong)低(di)充(chong)電(dian)速(su)率(shuai)反(fan)複(fu)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)，還(huan)會(kuai)產(chan)生(sheng)枝(zhi)晶(jing)。大(dai)部(bu)分(fen)涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)中(zhong)，都(du)沒(mo)有(you)任(ren)何(he)電(dian)壓(ya)或(huo)溫(wen)度(duo)反(fan)饋(kui)控(kong)製(zhi)，因(yin)而(er)不(bu)能(neng)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)足(ju)電(dian)後(hou)，立(li)即(ji)關(guan)斷(duan)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)。

       快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)分(fen)恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)和(hu)脈(mo)衝(chong)充(chong)電(dian)兩(liang)種(zhong)，恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)就(jiu)是(shi)以(yi)恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)流(liu)對(dui)電(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)，脈(mo)衝(chong)充(chong)電(dian)則(ze)是(shi)先(xian)用(yong)脈(mo)衝(chong)電(dian)流(liu)對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)。然(ran)後(hou)讓(rang)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)，如(ru)此(ci)循(xun)環(huan)。電(dian)池(chi)脈(mo)衝(chong)的(di)幅(fu)值(zhi)很(hen)大(dai)、寬(kuan)度(duo)很(hen)窄(zhai)。通(tong)常(chang)放(fang)電(dian)脈(mo)衝(chong)的(di)幅(fu)值(zhi)為(wei)充(chong)電(dian)脈(mo)衝(chong)的(di)3倍(bei)左(zuo)右(you)。雖(sui)然(ran)放(fang)電(dian)脈(mo)衝(chong)的(di)幅(fu)值(zhi)與(yu)電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)有(you)關(guan)，但(dan)是(shi)，與(yu)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)幅(fu)值(zhi)的(di)比(bi)值(zhi)保(bao)持(chi)不(bu)變(bian)，充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，鎳(nie)福(fu)電(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)的(di)氫(qing)氧(yang)化(hua)鎳(nie)還(huan)原(yuan)為(wei)氫(qing)氧(yang)化(hua)亞(ya)鎳(nie)，氫(qing)氧(yang)化(hua)鋪(pu)還(huan)原(yuan)為(wei)鋪(pu)。在(zai)這(zhe)個(ge)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)的(di)氣(qi)泡(pao)，聚(ju)集(ji)在(zai)極(ji)板(pan)兩(liang)邊(bian)，這(zhe)樣(yang)就(jiu)會(kuai)減(jian)小(xiao)極(ji)板(pan)的(di)有(you)效(xiao)而(er)積(ji)，使(shi)極(ji)板(pan)的(di)內(nei)阻(zu)增(zeng)大(dai)。由(you)於(yu)極(ji)板(pan)的(di)有(you)效(xiao)而(er)積(ji)變(bian)小(xiao)，充(chong)入(ru)全(quan)部(bu)電(dian)量(liang)所(suo)需(xu)的(di)時(shi)間(jian)增(zeng)加(jia)。

       加(jia)入(ru)放(fang)電(dian)脈(mo)衝(chong)後(hou)，氣(qi)泡(pao)離(li)開(kai)極(ji)板(pan)並(bing)與(yu)負(fu)極(ji)板(pan)上(shang)的(di)氧(yang)複(fu)合(ge)。這(zhe)個(ge)去(qu)極(ji)化(hua)過(guo)程(cheng)減(jian)小(xiao)了(liao)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)內(nei)部(bu)壓(ya)力(li)、溫(wen)度(duo)和(hu)內(nei)阻(zu)。同(tong)時(shi)，充(chong)入(ru)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)大(dai)部(bu)分(fen)電(dian)荷(he)都(du)轉(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)化(hua)學(xue)能(neng)，而(er)不(bu)會(kuai)轉(zhuan)變(bian)為(wei)氣(qi)體(ti)和(hu)熱(re)量(liang)。

       充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)脈(mo)衝(chong)寬(kuan)度(duo)的(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)應(ying)能(neng)保(bao)護(hu)極(ji)板(pan)恢(hui)複(fu)原(yuan)來(lai)的(di)晶(jing)體(ti)結(jie)構(gou)，從(zong)而(er)消(xiao)除(chu)記(ji)憶(yi)效(xiao)應(ying)。采(cai)用(yong)放(fang)電(dian)去(qu)極(ji)化(hua)措(cuo)施(shi)後(hou)，可(ke)以(yi)提(ti)高(gao)充(chong)電(dian)效(xiao)率(shuai)並(bing)且(qie)允(yun)許(xu)大(dai)電(dian)流(liu)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)。

       采(cai)用(yong)某(mou)些(xie)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)止(zhi)法(fa)時(shi)，快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)終(zhong)止(zhi)後(hou)，電(dian)池(chi)並(bing)未(wei)充(chong)足(ju)電(dian)。為(wei)了(liao)保(bao)護(hu)充(chong)入(ru)滿(man)的(di)電(dian)量(liang)，還(huan)應(ying)加(jia)入(ru)補(bu)足(ju)充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng).補(bu)足(ju)充(chong)電(dian)速(su)率(shuai)一(yi)般(pan)不(bu)超(chao)過(guo)0. 3C。在(zai)補(bu)足(ju)充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，溫(wen)度(duo)會(kuai)繼(ji)續(xu)上(shang)升(sheng)，當(dang)溫(wen)度(duo)超(chao)過(guo)規(gui)定(ding)的(di)值(zhi)，充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)轉(zhuan)入(ru)涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。

       存(cun)放(fang)時(shi)，鎳(nie)錫(xi)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)電(dian)量(liang)將(qiang)按(an)C/30到(dao)C/50的(di)放(fang)電(dian)速(su)率(shuai)減(jian)小(xiao)，為(wei)了(liao)補(bu)償(chang)電(dian)池(chi)因(yin)自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)而(er)損(sun)失(shi)的(di)電(dian)量(liang)，補(bu)足(ju)充(chong)電(dian)結(jie)束(shu)後(hou)，充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)應(ying)自(zi)動(dong)轉(zhuan)入(ru)涓(juan)流(liu)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)。涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)也(ye)稱(chen)為(wei)維(wei)護(hu)充(chong)電(dian)。根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)特(te)性(xing)，涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)速(su)率(shuai)一(yi)般(pan)都(du)很(hen)低(di)。隻(zhi)要(yao)電(dian)池(chi)接(jie)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)上(shang)並(bing)且(qie)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)接(jie)通(tong)電(dian)源(yuan)，在(zai)維(wei)護(hu)充(chong)電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)，充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)將(qiang)以(yi)某(mou)一(yi)充(chong)電(dian)速(su)率(shuai)給(ji)電(dian)池(chi)補(bu)充(chong)電(dian)荷(he)，這(zhe)樣(yang)可(ke)使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)總(zong)處(chu)於(yu)充(chong)足(ju)電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai).