由(you)上(shang)可(ke)見(xian),閥(fa)控(kong)式(shi)密(mi)封(feng)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)各(ge)種(zhong)失(shi)效(xiao)模(mu)式(shi)可(ke)能(neng)由(you)多(duo)種(zhong)因(yin)素(su)引(yin)起(qi),包(bao)括(kuo)使(shi)用(yong)因(yin)素(su)、結(jie)構(gou)因(yin)素(su)以(yi)及(ji)其(qi)他(ta)失(shi)效(xiao)模(mu)式(shi)的(di)影(ying)響(xiang)等(deng)。
(1)使(shi)用(yong)因(yin)素(su)
各(ge)種(zhong)不(bu)良(liang)的(di)使(shi)用(yong)因(yin)素(su)如(ru)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)和(hu)電(dian)流(liu)偏(pian)高(gao)或(huo)偏(pian)低(di)、環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(duo)過(guo)高(gao)或(huo)過(guo)低(di)、電(dian)解(xie)液(ye)密(mi)度(duo)過(guo)高(gao)、過(guo)量(liang)充(chong)電(dian)、過(guo)量(liang)放(fang)電(dian)、充(chong)電(dian)維(wei)護(hu)方(fang)法(fa)不(bu)當(dang)等(deng),均(jun)會(kuai)引(yin)|起(qi)一(yi)種(zhong)或(huo)多(duo)種(zhong)失(shi)效(xiao)模(mu)式(shi)。
浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)偏(pian)低(di)、放(fang)電(dian)後(hou)未(wei)及(ji)時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)、長(zhang)期(qi)充(chong)電(dian)不(bu)足(ju)、長(zhang)期(qi)處(chu)於(yu)放(fang)電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)、電(dian)解(xie)液(ye)密(mi)度(duo)過(guo)高(gao)、溫(wen)度(duo)過(guo)高(gao)、極(ji)板(pan)外(wai)露(lou)等(deng)均(jun)會(kuai)引(yin)|起(qi)硫(liu)化(hua)。
溫(wen)度(duo)過(guo)高(gao)或(huo)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)高(gao),會(kuai)弓(gong)|起(qi)失(shi)水(shui)或(huo)熱(re)失(shi)控(kong)。溫(wen)度(duo)過(guo)高(gao)，導(dao)致(zhi)水(shui)的(di)蒸(zheng)發(fa)。浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)高(gao)即(ji)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)流(liu)過(guo)大(dai),將(qiang)導(dao)致(zhi)氧(yang)複(fu)合(ge)效(xiao)率(shuai)下(xia)降(xiang),進(jin)而(er)弓(gong)|起(qi)電(dian)池(chi)失(shi)水(shui)。而(er)溫(wen)度(duo)和(hu)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)流(liu)的(di)相(xiang)互(hu)增(zeng)長(zhang)作(zuo)用(yong)則(ze)會(kuai)引(yin)起(qi)熱(re)失(shi)控(kong)。
溫(wen)度(duo)過(guo)高(gao)和(hu)長(zhang)期(qi)過(guo)量(liang)充(chong)電(dian)會(kuai)導(dao)致(zhi)正(zheng)極(ji)板(pan)柵(zha)的(di)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。
循(xun)環(huan)使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)起(qi)始(shi)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)密(mi)度(duo)過(guo)低(di)、浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)偏(pian)低(di)、深(shen)度(duo)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)、充(chong)電(dian)量(liang)大(dai)於(yu)120%和(hu)連(lian)續(xu)地(de)高(gao)速(su)率(shuai)放(fang)電(dian)等(deng),是(shi)引(yin)|起(qi)早(zao)期(qi)容(rong)量(liang)損(sun)失(shi)的(di)主(zhu)要(yao)因(yin)素(su)。
過(guo)量(liang)充(chong)電(dian)會(kuai)導(dao)致(zhi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)負(fu)極(ji)板(pan)鉛(qian)枝(zhi)晶(jing)的(di)生(sheng)成(cheng),鉛(qian)枝(zhi)晶(jing)會(kuai)沿(yan)著(zhuo)隔(ge)膜(mo)中(zhong)垂(chui)直(zhi)於(yu)隔(ge)板(pan)的(di)大(dai)孔(kong)生(sheng)長(zhang),並(bing)終(zhong)引(yin)起(qi)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)微(wei)短(duan)路(lu)。
( 2 )結(jie)構(gou)因(yin)素(su)閥(fa)控(kong)式(shi)密(mi)封(feng)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)結(jie)構(gou)特(te)點(dian)如(ru)密(mi)封(feng)、貧(pin)電(dian)解(xie)液(ye)、緊(jin)裝(zhuang)配(pei)、超(chao)細(xi)玻(bo)璃(li)纖(qian)維(wei)隔(ge)膜(mo)和(hu)無(wu)銻(ti)合(ge)金(jin)板(pan)柵(zha)等(deng),都(du)可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)弓(gong)|起(qi)某(mou)種(zhong)失(shi)效(xiao)模(mu)式(shi)的(di)潛(qian)在(zai)因(yin)素(su)。其(qi)中(zhong),密(mi)封(feng)結(jie)構(gou)使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)不(bu)能(neng)通(tong)過(guo)加(jia)水(shui)來(lai)補(bu)充(chong)電(dian)池(chi)因(yin)水(shui)的(di)蒸(zheng)發(fa)和(hu)氧(yang)複(fu)合(ge)效(xiao)率(shuai)下(xia)降(xiang)導(dao)致(zhi)的(di)失(shi)水(shui);貧(pin)電(dian)解(xie)液(ye)結(jie)構(gou)使(shi)極(ji)板(pan)上(shang)的(di)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)部(bu)分(fen)暴(bao)露(lou)在(zai)空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong),並(bing)且(qie)隨(sui)著(zhuo)水(shui)的(di)不(bu)斷(duan)損(sun)失(shi)而(er)暴(bao)露(lou)部(bu)分(fen)逐(zhu)漸(jian)增(zeng)多(duo),這(zhe)部(bu)分(fen)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)因(yin)得(dei)不(bu)到(dao)充(chong)電(dian)而(er)發(fa)生(sheng)硫(liu)化(hua);密(mi)封(feng)、貧(pin)電(dian)解(xie)液(ye)、緊(jin)裝(zhuang)配(pei)和(hu)超(chao)細(xi)玻(bo)璃(li)纖(qian)維(wei)結(jie)構(gou)不(bu)利(li)於(yu)散(san)熱(re),而(er)氧(yang)複(fu)合(ge)循(xun)環(huan)反(fan)應(ying)是(shi)放(fang)熱(re)反(fan)應(ying),當(dang)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)高(gao)時(shi), 易(yi)導(dao)致(zhi)熱(re)失(shi)控(kong)的(di)發(fa)生(sheng);超(chao)細(xi)玻(bo)璃(li)纖(qian)維(wei)結(jie)構(gou)在(zai)提(ti)供(gong)氧(yang)氣(qi)擴(kuo)散(san)通(tong)道(dao)的(di)同(tong)時(shi),也(ye)促(cu)使(shi)了(liao)鉛(qian)枝(zhi)晶(jing)沿(yan)著(zhuo)該(gai)通(tong)道(dao)生(sheng)長(zhang),並(bing)終(zhong)導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)內(nei)部(bu)短(duan)路(lu)。
( 3 )其(qi)他(ta)失(shi)效(xiao)模(mu)式(shi)的(di)影(ying)響(xiang) 閥(fa)控(kong)式(shi)密(mi)封(feng)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)各(ge)種(zhong)失(shi)效(xiao)模(mu)式(shi)之(zhi)間(jian)有(you)著(zhuo)十(shi)分(fen)密(mi)切(qie)的(di)聯(lian)係(ji),隻(zhi)要(yao)出(chu)現(xian)了(liao)其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)種(zhong)失(shi)效(xiao)模(mu)式(shi),就(jiu)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)出(chu)現(xian)另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong) 。或(huo)幾(ji)種(zhong)失(shi)效(xiao)模(mu)式(shi),如(ru)圖(tu)5-13所(suo)示(shi)。
